Process for producing acetoxy-bearing siloxanes

ABSTRACT

Described is a process for producing preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated, acetoxy-bearing siloxanes which comprises reacting cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D 4  and/ or D 5 , and/or cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type with acetic anhydride using preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as catalyst and with addition of acetic acid, wherein the cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type are mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which may contain not only siloxanes comprising D and T units but also siloxanes comprising Q units.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 119 patent application which claims the benefit of European Application No. 19176872.0 filed May 28, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present invention relates to a process for producing acidic, preferably superacidic, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated, acetoxy-bearing siloxanes.

BACKGROUND

As reactive starting materials for producing SiOC-based silicone derivatives, in particular SiOC-based polyether siloxanes, acetoxy-bearing siloxanes having linear or branched structure type are important compound classes.

The as yet unpublished European patent applications having the application numbers EP18172882.5, EP18172876.7, EP17195510.7 and EP17204277.2 are concerned with the production of SiOC-bonded polyether siloxanes, wherein trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated acetoxysiloxanes having linear or branched structure type are used as reactive intermediates.

On closer investigation of the modes of production recited in these documents for producing the acetoxysiloxanes used therein the inventors have found that immediately after their production the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified acetoxysiloxanes still comprise relatively large proportions of siloxane cycles (see to this end examples 3 and 6 of the present invention) which, however, upon storage of the siloxanes at 23° C. over the course of about 2 to 3 weeks become incorporated in the respective siloxane matrix in such a way that the content of remaining siloxane cycles (D₄+D₅+D₆) corresponds to the end equilibrium established at this temperature and a pressure of 1013.25 hPa.

The trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated acetoxysiloxanes resulting therefrom thus meet all quality demands that may be placed on these reactive intermediates. However, it remains desirable to achieve improved kinetics of equilibration to allow immediate further processing of the intermediates.

SUMMARY

Against this background the present invention has for its object to provide a process for producing end-equilibrated acetoxy-bearing siloxanes which advantageously accelerates the kinetics of equilibration such that reactive siloxanes capable of immediate further processing are already isolated at the end of the production process.

It has now been found in the context of the present invention that, surprisingly, end-equilibrated acetoxysiloxanes of both linear and branched structure type are obtainable in advantageous manner when the reactions described in the as yet unpublished European patent applications having the application numbers EP18172882.5, EP18172876.7, EP17195510.7 and EP17204277.2 are implemented in particular with addition of acetic acid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a process for producing acidic, preferably superacidic, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated, acetoxy-bearing siloxanes which comprises reacting cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D₄ and/or D₅, and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, optionally in admixture with hydroxyl-bearing siloxanes and/or acetoxy- and/or alkoxy-bearing silanes and/or siloxanes, with acetic anhydride using acid, preferably superacid, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, as catalyst and with addition of acetic acid, wherein the employed cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type are mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which contain not only siloxanes comprising D and T units but optionally also siloxanes comprising Q units with the proviso that in these mixtures the proportion of Si atoms derived from Q units is ≤10% by mass to ≥0% by mass, preferably ≤5% by mass to ≥0% by mass, wherein the lower limit may be >0% or =0% by mass, but in particular is 0% by mass, in each case based on the entirety of all Si atoms, with the proviso that, if no mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which contain siloxanes comprising Q units are employed, the acid(s) employed are not solely trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or not solely trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and acetic acid.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention the sole use of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the sole use of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and acetic acid as acid(s) are excluded.

In terms of the usability of DT cycles the inventors have found that not only mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which consist (in particular exclusively) of siloxanes comprising D and T units and whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is less than 2 mole per cent, preferably less than 1 mole per cent, and which advantageously further contain at least 5% by weight of siloxane cycles, such as preferably octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and/or mixtures thereof, but also mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes comprising (in particular exclusively) D and T units whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is greater than 2 and less than 10 mole per cent are particularly suitable for use according to the invention.

The cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type usable according to the invention are not only described by way of example in the experimental part but also described in detail in the European patent application EP3321304A1 and in the as yet unpublished patent application EP 17169876.4. Both documents are accordingly incorporated in their entirety into the disclosure content of this invention. The provision of mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which contain not only siloxanes comprising D and T units but also siloxanes comprising Q units is readily achievable by those skilled in the art for example by analogy to the teaching of the two recited documents using for example silicic esters (Si(OR)₄) providing Q units.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the acids employed in addition to acetic acid in accordance with the invention are superacids. Superacids are well known to those skilled in the art and are generally acids stronger than concentrated 100% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄: pKa=−3.0). The acid strength is generally quantified using the Hammett acidity function. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the employed acids are accordingly superacids having a pK_(a) of less than −3.0, preferably fluorinated and/or perfluorinated sulfonic acids, fluorosulfonic acid HSO₃F, fluoroantimonic acid HSbF₆, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid C₄F₉SO₃H and very particularly preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid CF₃ SO₃H.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the process according to the invention employs acetoxy-bearing silanes, in particular diacetoxydimethylsilane and/or triacetoxymethylsilane.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the process according to the invention employs alkoxy-bearing silanes, in particular triethoxysilane and/or trimethoxysilane and/or diethoxysilane and/or triethoxysilane and/or silicic esters (Si(OR)₄), preferably where R=methyl or ethyl.

Suitable for obtaining the mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes comprising (in particular exclusively) D and T units whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is greater than 2 and less than 10 mole per cent is in particular a process comprising the steps of

-   -   (a) an acid-catalyzed equilibration of trialkoxysilanes with         siloxane cycles and/or α,ω-dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane in the         presence of at least one acidic catalyst and then     -   (b) a hydrolysis and condensation reaction initiated by addition         of water, and addition of a silicon-containing solvent, followed         by     -   (c) a distillative removal of the alcohol released, of water         present in the system and of silicon-containing solvent, and a         neutralization or removal of the acidic catalyst and optionally         removal of salts that have possibly formed,     -   wherein the silicon-containing solvent preferably comprises the         isomeric siloxane cycles octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄),         decamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₅) and/or mixtures thereof and         mass ratios of silicon-containing solvent to the siloxane         comprising D and T units of 1:1 to 5:1 are advantageously         employed

as described in the as yet unpublished patent application EP 17169876.4.

Shown hereinbelow by way of example for the sake of enablement is the production of these abovementioned mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes comprising (in particular exclusively) D and T units: In a 500 ml four-necked round-bottomed flask with a KPG stirrer and fitted with a reflux cooler, 52.2 g (0.293 mol) of methyltriethoxysilane are heated to 60° C. together with 130.3 g (0.351 mol) of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane while stirring, 0.400 g of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is added and the mixture is equilibrated for 4 hours. Then 15.8 g of water and 4.0 g of ethanol are added and the mixture is heated to reflux temperature (about 80° C.) for a further 4 hours. 10.6 g of water and 200 ml of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) are added and the reflux cooler is exchanged for a distillation bridge, and the constituents that are volatile up to 90° C. are distilled off within the next hour. The reaction mixture is left at 90° C. for a further 2 hours, then allowed to cool down to 50° C., and 5 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution are added and the mixture is stirred for a further hour to complete the neutralization. At 100° C. and with an auxiliary vacuum of <1 mbar applied, water and the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) used as solvent are distilled off After cooling the distillation bottoms, with the aid of a pleated filter, the precipitated ammonium triflate is removed. The filtrate is a colorless mobile liquid, whose ²⁹Si NMR spectrum shows a D/T ratio of 6.1:1 (target 6.0:1). Based on the sum of the Si units detected by spectroscopy, the D and T units bearing Si-alkoxy and SiOH groups respectively have a proportion of 4.1 mole per cent.

Suitable for obtaining the mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which consist (in particular exclusively) of siloxanes comprising D and T units and whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is ≤2 mole per cent, preferably less than 1 mole per cent, and which advantageously further contain at least 5% by weight of siloxane cycles, such as preferably octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and/or mixtures thereof, is in particular a process in which a trialkoxysilane is reacted in a solvent with siloxane cycles and/or α,ω-dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane with addition of water and in the presence of at least one acidic catalyst as described in European patent application EP3321304A1. Example 1 of the present invention shows by way of example the production of corresponding mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.

A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises adding acetic acid in amounts of 0.4 to 3.5 per cent by weight, by preference 0.5 to 3 per cent by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.8 per cent by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of 1.0 to 1.5 per cent by weight, based on the reaction matrix comprising (in particular consisting of) acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅ or comprising (in particular consisting of) acetic anhydride and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type or comprising (in particular consisting of) cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅ and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the acid, preferably superacid, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid employed as catalyst in addition to the acetic acid is employed in amounts of 0.1 to 1.0 per cent by mass, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 per cent by mass, based on the reaction matrix comprising (in particular consisting thereof) acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D₄ and/or D₅, and/or cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.

The term “end-equilibrated” is to be understood as meaning that the equilibrium established at a temperature of 23° C. and a pressure of 1013.25 hPa has been reached. Employable as an indicator for reaching the equilibrium is the total cycles content determined by gas chromatography and defined as the sum of the D₄-, D₅-, D₆-contents based on the siloxane matrix and ascertained after derivatization of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes to the corresponding α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxanes or after derivatization of the branched acetoxysiloxanes to the corresponding branched isopropoxysiloxanes. The inventive use of acetic acid here makes it possible to readily undershoot otherwise customary equilibrium proportions of about 13 per cent by weight of total cycles content for the linear α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes and of about 8 per cent by weight of total cycles content for the branched acetoxysiloxanes. It is therefore in accordance with a preferred embodiment when equilibrium proportions of the total cycles content of less than 13, preferably less than 12, per cent by weight for the linear α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes and equilibrium proportions of the total cycles content of less than 8, preferably less than 7, per cent by weight for the branched acetoxysiloxanes are undershot. The derivatization to afford the α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxanes or to afford the branched isopropoxysiloxanes is intentionally chosen in order to prevent a thermally induced retrocleavage reaction of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes or of the branched acetoxysiloxanes which may take place under the conditions of analysis by gas chromatography (regarding the retrocleavage reaction see inter alia J. Pola et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1974, 39(5), 1169-1176 and also W. Simmler, Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. VI/2, 4th Edition, 0-Metal Derivates of Organic Hydroxy Compounds p. 162 ff)).

In a preferred embodiment the reaction is carried out in a temperature range of 140° C. to 160° C. and over a duration of 4 to 8 hours.

The present invention further relates to acidic, preferably superacidic, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated linear α,ω-acetoxy-bearing siloxanes having total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄, D₅ and D₆ based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding linear α,ω-isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 13, preferably less than 12, per cent by weight, produced by a process according to the invention as described above.

The present invention further relates to acidic, preferably superacidic, in particulartrifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated branched acetoxy-bearing siloxanes having total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄, D₅ and D₆ based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding branched isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 8, preferably less than 7, per cent by weight, produced by a process according to the invention as described above.

The present invention further relates to the use of the end-equilibrated acidic, preferably superacidic, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified acetoxy-bearing siloxanes as described above as starting materials for the production of SiOC-bonded polyether siloxanes for use thereof in PU foam stabilizers, in defoamers, in demulsifiers, in emulsifiers and in paint and flow control additives; and also for use thereof as deaerators; as foam stabilizer, in particular as polyurethane foam stabilizer; as wetting agents; as hydrophobizing agents; as flow control agents; for producing polymer dispersions for production of adhesives or sealants; for surface treatment of fibers, particles or textile fabrics, in particular for treatment or impregnation of textiles, for production of paper towels, in the coating of fillers; for production of cleaning and care formulations for household use or for industrial applications, in particular for production of fabric softeners; for production of cosmetic, pharmaceutical and dermatological compositions, in particular cosmetic cleaning and care formulations, hair treatment agents and hair aftertreatment agents; for cleaning and care of hard surfaces; as processing aids in the extrusion of thermoplastics; for producing thermoplastic molded articles and/or as an adjuvant in plant protection; for production of building material compositions.

EXAMPLES

The examples which follow are provided merely to elucidate this invention to those skilled in the art and do not constitute any limitation of the claimed subject matter whatsoever. The determination of water contents is in principle performed by the Karl Fischer method based on DIN 51777, DGF E-III 10 and DGF C-III 13a. ²⁹Si-NMR spectroscopy was used for reaction monitoring in all examples.

In the context of the present invention the ²⁹Si NMR samples are analyzed at a measurement frequency of 79.49 MHz in a Bruker Avance III spectrometer equipped with a 287430 sample head with gap width of 10 mm, dissolved at 22° C. in CDCl₃ and against a tetramethylsilane (TMS) external standard [δ(²⁹Si)=0.0 ppm].

GPCs (gel permeation chromatography) are recorded using THF as the mobile phase on an SDV 1000/10000A column combination having a length of 65 cm, ID 0.80, at a temperature of 30° C. using a SECcurity² GPC System 1260 (PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH) .

The gas chromatograms are recorded on an Agilent Technologies GC 7890B GC instrument fitted with an HP-1 column having dimensions of 30 m×0.32 mm ID×0.25 μm dF (Agilent Technologies No. 19091Z-413E) using hydrogen as a carrier gas and employing the following parameters:

Detector: FID; 310° C.

Injector: Split; 290° C.

Mode: constant flow, 2 ml/min

Temperature programme: 60° C. at 8° C./min −150° C. at 40° C./min −300° C. 10 min.

Employed as an indicator for reaching the equilibrium is the total cycles content determined by gas chromatography and defined as the sum of the D₄-, D₅-, D₆-contents based on the siloxane matrix and ascertained after derivatization of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes to the corresponding α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxanes. The derivatization to afford the α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxanes is intentionally chosen in order to prevent a thermally induced retrocleavage reaction of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes which may take place under the conditions of analysis by gas chromatography (regarding the retrocleavage reaction see inter alia J. Pola et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1974, 39(5), 1169-1176 and also W. Simmler, Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. VI/2, 4th Edition, O-Metal Derivates of Organic Hydroxy Compounds p. 162 ff)).

Example 1

Production of a cyclic branched siloxane having a target D/T ratio of 6:1

In a 10 l four-necked round-bottomed flask with a KPG stirrer and fitted with a reflux cooler 783 g (4.39 mol) of methyltriethoxysilane together with 978.7 g (2.64 mol) of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are heated to 60° C. with stirring, admixed with 2.98 g of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the mixture is equilibrated for 4 hours. 237 g of water and 59.3 g of ethanol are then added and the batch is heated to reflux temperature for a further 2 hours. 159.0 g of water and 978.8 g (2.64 mol) of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) are added and the reflux cooler is exchanged for a distillation bridge and the constituents that are volatile up to 90° C. are distilled off over the next hour. 3000 ml of toluene are then added to the reaction batch and the water still present in the system is removed by distillation up to a bottoms temperature of 100° C. at the water separator. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to about 60° C., the acid is neutralized by addition of 60.0 g of solid sodium hydrogencarbonate, and the mixture is then stirred for a further 30 minutes to achieve complete neutralization. After cooling to 25° C. the salts are removed with the aid of a pleated filter.

At 70° C. and with an auxiliary vacuum of <1 mbar applied, the toluene used as solvent is distilled off. The distillation bottoms are a colorless mobile liquid, whose ²⁹Si NMR spectrum shows a D/T ratio of 6.2:1 (target 6.0:1). Based on the sum of the Si units detected by spectroscopy, the D and T units bearing Si-alkoxy and SiOH groups respectively, have a proportion of 0.52 mole per cent. The gas chromatography analysis of the liquid also shows a proportion of about 15 per cent by weight of simple siloxane cycles in the form of D₄, D₅ and D₆. The GPC has a broad molar mass distribution, characterized by Mw=55 258 g/mol; Mn: 1693 g/mol and Mw/Mn=32.63.

Example 2 (Inventive)

Production of an acetoxy-terminated, branched siloxane with 1.5% acetic acid addition

In a 1000 ml four-necked flask with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and fitted with a reflux cooler 49.9 g (0.489 mol) of acetic anhydride together with 268.1 g of the DT cycles produced in example 1 (D/T ratio according to ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum=6.18:1, M=525.42 g/mol and a proportion of SiOH/SiOEt moieties of 0.52 mol %) and 188.5 g of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) are initially charged with stirring and admixed with 1.03 g (0.56 ml) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.2% by mass based on the total batch) and 7.6 g of acetic acid (1.5% based on the mass of the reactants) and swiftly heated to 150° C. The initially slightly cloudy reaction mixture is held at this temperature for 6 hours with continued stirring.

After cooling of the batch a colorless clear mobile liquid whose ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the presence of Si-acetoxy groups in a yield of about 88.2% based on the employed acetic anhydride and the complete disappearance of spectroscopically detectable proportions of Si-alkoxy and SiOH groups is isolated.

Conversion of the Branched Acetoxysiloxane into the Corresponding Branched Isopropoxysiloxane for Analytical Characterization

Immediately after the synthesis in a 250 ml four-necked round-bottomed flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 100.0 g of this trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated branched acetoxysiloxane are mixed together with 23.2 g of a molecular sieve-dried isopropanol by stirring at 22° C. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) is then introduced to the reaction mixture until alkaline reaction (moist universal indicator paper) and the mixture is then stirred at this temperature for a further 45 minutes. The precipitated salts are separated using a pleated filter.

A colorless, clear liquid is isolated, whose accompanying ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the quantitative conversion of the branched acetoxysiloxane into a branched isopropoxysiloxane.

An aliquot of this branched isopropoxysiloxane is withdrawn and analyzed by gas chromatography. The gas chromatogram shows the following contents (reported in per cent by mass):

Total Isopropanol D₄ D₅ D₆ (D₄-D₆) content 2.3% 1.4% 0.4% 4.1% 7.1%

Taking account of the isopropanol excess the contents of siloxane cycles (D₄, D₅ and D₆) are calculated solely based on the siloxane proportion.

Example 3 (Noninventive)

Production of an acetoxy-terminated branched siloxane

In a 1000 ml four-necked flask with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and fitted with a reflux cooler 49.9 g (0.489 mol) of acetic anhydride together with 268.1 g of the DT cycles produced in example 1 (D/T ratio according to ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum=6.18:1, M=525.42 g/mol and a proportion of SiOH/SiOEt moieties of 0.52 mol %) and 188.5 g of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) are initially charged with stirring and admixed with 1.03 g (0.56 ml) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.2 mass% based on the total batch) and rapidly heated to 150° C. The initially slightly cloudy reaction mixture is held at this temperature for 6 hours with continued stirring.

After cooling of the batch a colorless clear mobile liquid whose ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the presence of Si-acetoxy groups in a yield of about 92.3% based on the employed acetic anhydride and the complete disappearance of spectroscopically detectable proportions of Si-alkoxy and SiOH groups is isolated.

Conversion of the Branched Acetoxysiloxane into the Corresponding Branched Isopropoxysiloxane for Analytical Characterization

Immediately after the synthesis in a 250 ml four-necked round-bottomed flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 100.0 g of this trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated branched acetoxysiloxane are mixed together with 23.2 g of a molecular sieve-dried isopropanol by stirring at 22° C. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) is then introduced to the reaction mixture until alkaline reaction (moist universal indicator paper) and the mixture is then stirred at this temperature for a further 45 minutes. The precipitated salts are separated using a pleated filter.

A colorless, clear liquid is isolated, whose accompanying ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the quantitative conversion of the branched acetoxysiloxane into a branched isopropoxysiloxane.

An aliquot of this branched isopropoxysiloxane is withdrawn and analyzed by gas chromatography. The gas chromatogram shows the following contents (reported in per cent by mass):

Total Isopropanol D₄ D₅ D₆ (D₄-D₆) content 2.03% 21.85% 0.83% 24.71% 11.7%

Taking account of the isopropanol excess the contents of siloxane cycles (D₄, D₅ and D₆) are calculated solely based on the siloxane proportion.

Example 4 (Inventive)

Production of an acetoxy-terminated, linear polydimethylsiloxane with 1.5% acetic acid addition

In a 1000 ml four-necked flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 77.3 g (0.757 mol) of acetic anhydride together with 732.8 g (1.98 mol) of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and 12.2 g of acetic acid (1.5% by weight based on the total mass of the reactants) are initially charged with stirring and admixed with 1.62 g (0.88 ml) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.2 per cent by mass based on the total batch) and swiftly heated to 150° C. The initially slightly cloudy reaction mixture is held at this temperature for 6 hours with continued stirring.

After cooling of the batch a colorless, clear, mobile liquid is isolated, whose ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the presence of Si-acetoxy groups in a yield of about 93% based on employed acetic anhydride corresponding to an α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane having an average total chain length of about 14.

Conversion of the α,ω-Diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane into the Corresponding α,ω-Diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane for Analytical Characterization

Immediately after the synthesis in a 250 ml four-necked round-bottomed flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 50.0 g of this trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane are mixed together with 11.3 g of a molecular sieve-dried isopropanol by stirring at 22° C. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) is then introduced to the reaction mixture until alkaline reaction (moist universal indicator paper) and the mixture is then stirred at this temperature for a further 45 minutes. The precipitated salts are separated using a pleated filter.

A colorless, clear liquid is isolated, whose accompanying ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the quantitative conversion of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane into an α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane.

An aliquot of this α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane is withdrawn and analyzed by gas chromatography. The gas chromatogram shows the following contents (reported in per cent by mass):

Total Isopropanol D₄ D₅ D₆ (D₄-D₆) content 4.94% 4.04% 1.07% 10.06% 11.00%

Taking account of the isopropanol excess the contents of siloxane cycles (D₄, D₅ and D₆) are calculated solely based on the siloxane proportion.

Example 5 (Inventive)

Production of an acetoxy-terminated, linear polydimethylsiloxane with 3.0% acetic acid addition

In a 1000 ml four-necked flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 77.3 g (0.757 mol) of acetic anhydride together with 732.8 g (1.98 mol) of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and 24.3 g of acetic acid (3.0% by weight based on the total mass of the reactants) are initially charged with stirring and admixed with 1.62 g (0.88 ml) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.2 per cent by mass based on the total batch) and swiftly heated to 150° C. The initially slightly cloudy reaction mixture is held at this temperature for 4 hours with continued stirring.

After cooling of the batch a colorless, clear, mobile liquid is isolated, whose ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the presence of Si-acetoxy groups in a yield of about 93% based on employed acetic anhydride corresponding to an α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane having an average total chain length of about 14.

Conversion of the α,ω-Diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane into the Corresponding α,ω-Diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane for Analytical Characterization

Immediately after the synthesis in a 250 ml four-necked round-bottomed flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 50.0 g of this trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane are mixed together with 11.3 g of a molecular sieve-dried isopropanol by stirring at 22° C. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) is then introduced to the reaction mixture until alkaline reaction (moist universal indicator paper) and the mixture is then stirred at this temperature for a further 45 minutes. The precipitated salts are separated using a pleated filter.

A colorless, clear liquid is isolated, whose accompanying ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the quantitative conversion of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane into an α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane.

An aliquot of this α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane is withdrawn and analyzed by gas chromatography. The gas chromatogram shows the following contents (reported in per cent by mass):

Total Isopropanol D₄ D₅ D₆ (D₄-D₆) content 4.09% 2.62% 0.86% 7.57% 4.60%

Taking account of the isopropanol excess the contents of siloxane cycles (D₄, D₅ and D₆) are calculated solely based on the siloxane proportion.

Example 6 (Noninventive)

Production of an acetoxy-terminated, linear polydimethylsiloxane

In a 1000 ml four-necked flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 77.3 g (0.757 mol) of acetic anhydride together with 732.8 g (1.98 mol) of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) are initially charged with stirring and admixed with 1.62 g (0.88 ml) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.2 per cent by mass based on the total batch) and swiftly heated to 150° C. The initially slightly cloudy reaction mixture is held at this temperature for 6 hours with continued stirring.

After cooling of the batch a colorless, clear, mobile liquid is isolated, whose ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the presence of Si-acetoxy groups in a yield of about 90% based on employed acetic anhydride corresponding to an α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane having an average total chain length of about 14.

Conversion of the α,ω-Diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane into the Corresponding α,ω-Diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane for Analytical Characterization

Immediately after the synthesis in a 250 ml four-necked round-bottomed flask fitted with a KPG stirrer, internal thermometer and a reflux cooler 50 g of this trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, equilibrated α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane are mixed together with 11.3 g of a molecular sieve-dried isopropanol by stirring at 22° C. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) is then introduced to the reaction mixture until alkaline reaction (moist universal indicator paper) and the mixture is then stirred at this temperature for a further 45 minutes. The precipitated salts are separated using a pleated filter.

A colorless, clear liquid is isolated, whose accompanying ²⁹Si-NMR spectrum demonstrates the quantitative conversion of the α,ω-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxane into an α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane.

An aliquot of this α,ω-diisopropoxypolydimethylsiloxane is withdrawn and analyzed by gas chromatography. The gas chromatogram shows the following contents:

Total Isopropanol D₄ D₅ D₆ (D₄-D₆) content 1.72% 39.12% 0.88 41.72 9.50

Taking account of the isopropanol excess the contents of siloxane cycles (D₄, D₅ and D₆) are calculated solely based on the siloxane proportion. 

1. A process for producing acidic, superacidic, or a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated, acetoxy-bearing siloxanesiloxanes, wherein the process comprises reacting cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D₄ and/or D₅, and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, optionally in admixture with hydroxyl-bearing siloxanes and/or acetoxy- and/or alkoxy-bearing silanes and/or siloxanes, with acetic anhydride using the acid, superacid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, as catalyst and with addition of acetic acid, wherein the cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type are mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, which contain not only siloxanes comprising D and T units but optionally also siloxanes comprising Q units with the proviso that in these mixtures the proportion of Si atoms derived from Q units is ≤10% by mass to ≥0% by mass, based on the entirety of all Si atoms, wherein, if no mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which contain siloxanes comprising Q units are employed, the acid(s) employed are not solely trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or not solely trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and acetic acid.
 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the acids employed in addition to acetic acid are superacids having a pK_(a) of less than −3.0.
 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein diacetoxydimethylsilane and/or triacetoxymethylsilane are employed as acetoxy-bearing silanes.
 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein triethoxysilane and/or trimethoxysilane and/or diethoxysilane and/or triethoxysilane are employed as alkoxy-bearing silanes.
 5. The process according to claims 1, wherein the process comprises adding acetic acid in amounts of 0.4 to 3.5 per cent by weight, by preference 0.5 to 3 per cent by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.8 per cent by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of 1.0 to 1.5 per cent by weight, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅, or comprising acetic anhydride and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, or comprising cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅ and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which consist of siloxanes comprising D and T units and whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is ≤2 mole per cent, preferably less than 1 mole per and which contain at least 5 per cent by weight of siloxane cycles, such as preferably octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and/or mixtures thereof, are employed.
 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes comprising D and T units whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is greater than 2 and less than 10 mole per cent are employed.
 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in addition to the acetic acid, acid, superacid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is employed in amounts of 0.1 to 1.0 per cent by mass, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D₄ and/or D₅, and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in a temperature range of from 140° C. to 160° C. and over a duration of 4 to 8 hours.
 10. The process according to claim 1, excluding the sole use of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the sole use of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and acetic acid as acid(s).
 11. The acidic, superacidic, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated linear α,ω-acetoxy-bearing siloxanes produced by a process according to claim 1, wherein they have total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄, D₅ and D₆ based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding linear α,ω-isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 13, per cent by weight.
 12. The acidic, superacidic, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated branched acetoxy-bearing siloxanes produced by a process according to claim 1, wherein they have total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄, D₅ and D₆ based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding branched isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 8, per cent by weight.
 13. A composition comprising the end-equilibrated acidic, superacidic, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified acetoxy-bearing siloxanes according to claim 11, wherein the composition is a starting material for the production of SiOC-bonded polyether siloxanes for use thereof in PU foam stabilizers, in defoamers, in demulsifiers, in emulsifiers and in paint and flow control additives; and also for use thereof as deaerators; as foam stabilizer, in particular as polyurethane foam stabilizer; as wetting agents; as hydrophobizing agents; as flow control agents; for producing polymer dispersions; for production of adhesives or sealants; for surface treatment of fibers, particles or textile fabrics, in particular for treatment or impregnation of textiles, for production of paper towels, in the coating of fillers; for production of cleaning and care formulations for household use or for industrial applications, in particular for production of fabric softeners; for production of cosmetic, pharmaceutical and dermatological compositions, in particular cosmetic cleaning and care formulations, hair treatment agents and hair aftertreatment agents; for cleaning and care of hard surfaces; as processing aids in the extrusion of thermoplastics; for producing thermoplastic molded articles and/or as an adjuvant in plant protection; for production of building material compositions.
 14. The process according to claim 1, wherein the acids employed in addition to acetic acid are selected from the group consisting of fluorinated and/or perfluorinated sulfonic acids, fluorosulfonic acid HSO₃F, fluoroantimonic acid HSbF₆, and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid C₄F₉SO₃H.
 15. The process according to claim 1, wherein the acids employed in addition to acetic acid is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid CF₃SO₃H.
 16. The process according to claim 1, wherein the procees comprises adding acetic acid in amounts of 0.5 to 3 per cent by weight, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅, or comprising acetic anhydride and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, or comprising cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅ and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
 17. The process according to claim 1, wherein the procees comprises adding acetic acid in amounts of 1.0 to 1.5 per cent by weight, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅, or comprising acetic anhydride and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, or comprising cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄ and/or D₅ and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
 18. The process according to claim 1, wherein mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which consist of siloxanes comprising D and T units and whose ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is ≤1 mole per cent, and which contain at least 5 per cent by weight of siloxane cycles, such as preferably octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and/or mixtures thereof, are employed.
 19. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in addition to the acetic acid, acid, superacid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is employed in amounts of 0.1 to 1.3 per cent by mass, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D₄ and/or D₅, and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
 20. The acidic, superacidic, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated linear α,ω-acetoxy-bearing siloxanes produced by a process according to claim 1, wherein they have total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D₄, D₅ and D₆ based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding linear α,ω-isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 12 per cent by weight. 